Salar Jung Museum
The Salar Jung Museum is located on Musi river in Hyderabad. It is the third largest museum in India having one of the biggest one-man collections of antiques in the world. This museum was set up by Yusuf Ali Salar Jung, the prime minister of Nizam of Hyderabad. He collected objects that are now presented in the museum. The museum is open every day except Friday, from 10.00 a.m. To 5.00 p.m. This museum displays an impressive collecti
on of European and Indian paintings.
on of European and Indian paintings.¤ Establishment of The Museum
The outstanding Salarjung Museum set up by Mir Yusuf Ali Khan was popularly known as Salar Jung III. At the age of 23, he became the Prime Minister to Nizam in 1912, but he resigned two and a half years later. After this, he started collecting antiques and art pieces. Collection of objects wasn't his hobby, it was his passion. He spent a sizable amount of his wealth on collection. In his entire lifespan he collected art objects, rare manuscripts and paintings from all over the world. This collection was basically started by his father and grandfather.In the year 1961, this museum was declared as the "Institution of National Importance" by an Act of Parliament. This act is known as the Salar Jung Museum Act, 1961. Earlier, it was set up in Diwan Devdi. Later, the museum was re-established at the present building in 1968, situated on the banks of the Musi.
¤ A Valuable Collection
The Salar Jung museum at Hyderabad is famous for its wide collection of rare items. The museum has a wonderful collection on Indian Art, Children's Art, Middle Eastern Art, Far Eastern Art and European Art. Here, you can see sculptures, wood carvings, religious objects, manuscripts, furniture, vases, snuff boxes, utensils, archer's rings and ornaments. There are other items also like pottery, clocks, miniature paintings, portraits, silver and costumes. The museum also owns some toys, collected from countries like France, England, Switzerland, Germany, 
Persia, China, Japan, Burma, and Sri Lanka.There is a vast collection of printed books on various subjects. Interested scholars can also go through a rich collection of thousands of manuscripts in Persian, Arabic and Urdu languages.
Persia, China, Japan, Burma, and Sri Lanka.There is a vast collection of printed books on various subjects. Interested scholars can also go through a rich collection of thousands of manuscripts in Persian, Arabic and Urdu languages. ¤ The Clock Room, Highlight of The Museum
The highlight of the museum is the clock room, which is one of the best galleries here. It has a collection of more than 300 clocks. of special interest is a musical clock, sold by Cook and Kelvy of England.
¤¤ Other Attractions of The Museum
The Jade Room of the museum has some outstanding objects, belonging to the ancient Indian rulers like Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan. The museum also has world's largest private collections of art and artifacts. The Salar Jung Museum has a huge collection of over 43000 art objects, 9000 manuscripts and 47000 printed books. Some exquisite objects of art like Chinese Porcelain, Aurangazeb's Sword, and Daggers belonging to Queen Noor Jehan, Emperor Jahangir and Shah Jahan are also on display. Apart from these, sculptures, Indian paintings and Persian carpets are also exhibited. Other highlights in the museum include the "veiled Rebecca", "Mestophiles" and "the Lady with the lamp". Thus, attracting innumerable tourists.
¤ Reach Salar Jung Museum
By Air : The Museum is situated in the capital city of andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad is well connected by air from all the important cities of the country.
By Air : The Museum is situated in the capital city of andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad is well connected by air from all the important cities of the country.
By Rail : The important railway stations are Kachiguda and Nampally in Hyderabad. They are located within a distance of two miles.
By Road : Buses run frequently from all parts of the city to Afzalgunj which is within walking distance from the Museum.
Qutb Shahi Tombs
The royal cemetery of the Qutub Shahi kings lies about 2 kms. from the Golconda Fort. Landscaped gardens surround these graceful structures and every arch, dome and gallery speak of Qutb Shahi architectural excellence. Amidst beautifully laid out gardens of Ibrahim Bagh there are seven tombs, erected in memory of the departed kings of Golconda called as Qutub Shahi Tombs. They are magnificent monuments of architectural excellence and stand as solemn reminders of the grandeur and glory of Golconda and the great kings who are buried here. The unique feature of this place is nowhere in the world are there so many tombs in one place
Balustrades surround it with beautiful minarets at the corners. These are the tombs of the six Qutub Shahi kings. Among these is the
noteworthy tomb of the fifth king of the Qutub Shahi dynasty and founder of Hyderabad - Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah. Rising to a height of 42.5m with a large dome and 28 open arches, his tomb is one of the largest and most imposing of monuments. The tombs were once furnished with carpets, chandeliers and velvet canopies on silver poles. Qurans were kept on supports and it made easy for readers who recited verses from the holy book at regular intervals. Golden spires were fitted over the tombs of the Sultans to distinguish their tombs from those of other members of the royal family. These tombs bear mute testimony to the past glory and grandeur of the Qutub Shahis. The tombs are domed structures built on a square base surrounded by pointed arches. The mausoleums of the Golconda Sultans, are truly magnificent monuments that have stood the test of time and braved the elements. During the Qutub Shahi period, these tombs were held in such great veneration that criminals who took refuge there were granted pardon. But after their reign, the tombs were neglected, till Sir Salar Jung III ordered their restoration in the early 19th century. A pretty garden was laid out, and a compound wall built. All, except the last, of the Qutub Shahi monarchs lie buried here. Sultan Quli's tomb, the style of which set the example for the tombs of his descendants, is situated on an elevated terrace. The tomb chamber proper is octagonal, with each side measuring around 10 m. A circular dome crowns the whole structure. The inscription on Sultan Quli's tomb is in three bands, in the Naskh and Tauq scripts, referring to Sultan Quli as Bada Malik (The Great Master) - the endearing term by which all people of the Deccan used to refer to him. The tomb was built in 1543 A.D. by the Sultan, during his lifetime itself, as was the prevalent custom. The tomb of his son, Jamshed lies nearby. Bu
ilt in 1550 A.D., this is the only Qutub Shahi tomb that has not been fashioned from shining black basalt. Its appearance too, is quite unlike the other tombs in the garden, rising gracefully in two stories, unlike the squat tombs of the other kings. Jamshed's is also the only tomb without any inscriptions; of course, Jamshed's son, Subhan Quli's tomb too does not have any inscriptions. Subhan's tomb stands mid-way between the tombs of his father and grandfather. He was popularly called Chhote Malik (small master). Sultan lbrahim's-tomb, built in 1580, after his death, is slightly larger than Sultan Quli's tomb. Traces of the enameled tiles can still be seen on the southern wall. The tomb has two graves in the main chamber and 16 graves on the terrace, some of them probably those of his six sons and three, daughters. There are inscriptions in the Thulth script on all faces of the sarcophagus. The interesting fact is that the three famous calligraphists - Isphalan, Ismail and Taqiuddiii Muhammad Salih - who left a store of Naskh, Tulth and Nastaliq inscriptions on the many Qutub Shahi edifices in the city, were all contemporaries of Ibrahim Shah. The grandest of the Qutub Shahi tombs is Sultan Muhammad Quli's mausoleum built in 1602 A.D. The tomb is situated on a terrace 65 m square and 4 m high. Flights of steps lead to the mausoleum proper, which is 22 m square on the outside and 11 m square on the inside. There are entrances on the southern and eastern sides. The tomb itself is situated in a vault below the terrace and inscriptions in Persian and the Naskh scripts decorateit. Another grand mausoleum is that of the sixth Sultan, Mohanunad Qutub Shah. The facade of this tomb was once decorated with enameled tiles. There are six graves altogether in this tomb and inscriptions in Tulth and Naskh. The mausoleum was built in 1626. Sultan Abdullah’s tomb is the last of the royal tombs, as Abdul Hasaii (Taiia Sliah), the last king, was a prisoner in the Ciiini Mahal in the fortress of Daulatabad, near Aurangabad, when he died. While the tombs of those who ruled dominate the area, interspersed are many other monuments too. The tomb of Fatima Sultan, with its bulbous dome, is near the entrance to the tomb-garden. She was the sister of Mohammad Qutub Shah. Her tomb houses several graves, two of them with inscriptions. Immediately to the south of Muhammed Quli's tomb are three uninscribed tombs. The twin-tombs of the two favourite hakims (physicians) of Sultan Abdullah-Nizamuddin Ahamad Gilani and Abdul Jabbar Gilani - were built in 1651. They are among the few Qutub Shahi tombs that are not of Royalty. Another pair of tombs are those of Premamati and Taramati - the favourites of Sultan Abdullah Shah. These lively beauties, who are believed to have danced on ropes tied between their pavilion and Abdullah's palace, were laid to rest beside the tomb of their patron. One other tomb that is not that of a Qutub Shahi family member is the tomb of Neknam Khan, who was the commander-in-chief of the Carnatic and served in Abdullah's army. The tomb of Fadma Khanum, one of Sultan Abdullah's daughters, stands near the mausoleum of her husband, Mir Ahamad and is the only Qutub Shahi tomb not surmounted by a dome. To the west of the tombs lies the Dargah of Husain Shah Wali, the revered Sufi Saint; He is affectionately remembered by people of all faiths as the builder of Hussain Sagar. Among other monuments in the garden, that are not tombs, are the Mortuary Bath and the Mosque of Hayat Bakshi Begum. The Mortuary Bath, which stands opposite the tomb of Muhammad Quli, was built by Sultan Quli to facilitate the ritual washing of the bodies of the dead kings and others of the Royal Family before they were carried to their final resting place. A large number of people, fond subjects, friends and relatives attended it. The bath itself is one of the finest existing specimens of ancient Persian or Turkish baths. The Qutub Shahis built a number of mosques all over Golconda and Hyderabad, and almost every tomb has a mosque adjacent. The biggest and the grandest such mosque is by the mausoleum of Hayat Bakshi Begum. Popularly known as the great mosque of the Golconda tombs, it was built in 1666 A.D. Fifteen cupolas decorate the roof and two lofty minarets flank the prayer-hall. The impression, as a whole, is one of majesty and splendour. The inscriptions in the mosque are masterpieces of calligraphic art. Hayath Bakshi Begum was the daughter of Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah. Affectionately known as 'Ma Saheba' (Revered Mother), she was guide and mentor to all three kings. Several monuments survive in her memory in and around Hyderabad. The tomb-garden of the Kings of Golconda was known as Lagar-e-Faiz Athar (a place for bountiful entertainment) in the days of the Qutub Shahi kings, for some item or song or dance or even an occasional play was staged here every evening, free of cost, to entertain the poor. The present caretaker of the tombs is a descendant of the one appointed by Sir Salar Jung. It is a hereditary occupation. The tombs are open for the public on all days except on Fridays from 9.30 am to 4.30 pm. Every year Department of Tourism conducts "Deccan Festival" for five days by organising programmes of internationally renowned artists
Balustrades surround it with beautiful minarets at the corners. These are the tombs of the six Qutub Shahi kings. Among these is the
noteworthy tomb of the fifth king of the Qutub Shahi dynasty and founder of Hyderabad - Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah. Rising to a height of 42.5m with a large dome and 28 open arches, his tomb is one of the largest and most imposing of monuments. The tombs were once furnished with carpets, chandeliers and velvet canopies on silver poles. Qurans were kept on supports and it made easy for readers who recited verses from the holy book at regular intervals. Golden spires were fitted over the tombs of the Sultans to distinguish their tombs from those of other members of the royal family. These tombs bear mute testimony to the past glory and grandeur of the Qutub Shahis. The tombs are domed structures built on a square base surrounded by pointed arches. The mausoleums of the Golconda Sultans, are truly magnificent monuments that have stood the test of time and braved the elements. During the Qutub Shahi period, these tombs were held in such great veneration that criminals who took refuge there were granted pardon. But after their reign, the tombs were neglected, till Sir Salar Jung III ordered their restoration in the early 19th century. A pretty garden was laid out, and a compound wall built. All, except the last, of the Qutub Shahi monarchs lie buried here. Sultan Quli's tomb, the style of which set the example for the tombs of his descendants, is situated on an elevated terrace. The tomb chamber proper is octagonal, with each side measuring around 10 m. A circular dome crowns the whole structure. The inscription on Sultan Quli's tomb is in three bands, in the Naskh and Tauq scripts, referring to Sultan Quli as Bada Malik (The Great Master) - the endearing term by which all people of the Deccan used to refer to him. The tomb was built in 1543 A.D. by the Sultan, during his lifetime itself, as was the prevalent custom. The tomb of his son, Jamshed lies nearby. Bu
ilt in 1550 A.D., this is the only Qutub Shahi tomb that has not been fashioned from shining black basalt. Its appearance too, is quite unlike the other tombs in the garden, rising gracefully in two stories, unlike the squat tombs of the other kings. Jamshed's is also the only tomb without any inscriptions; of course, Jamshed's son, Subhan Quli's tomb too does not have any inscriptions. Subhan's tomb stands mid-way between the tombs of his father and grandfather. He was popularly called Chhote Malik (small master). Sultan lbrahim's-tomb, built in 1580, after his death, is slightly larger than Sultan Quli's tomb. Traces of the enameled tiles can still be seen on the southern wall. The tomb has two graves in the main chamber and 16 graves on the terrace, some of them probably those of his six sons and three, daughters. There are inscriptions in the Thulth script on all faces of the sarcophagus. The interesting fact is that the three famous calligraphists - Isphalan, Ismail and Taqiuddiii Muhammad Salih - who left a store of Naskh, Tulth and Nastaliq inscriptions on the many Qutub Shahi edifices in the city, were all contemporaries of Ibrahim Shah. The grandest of the Qutub Shahi tombs is Sultan Muhammad Quli's mausoleum built in 1602 A.D. The tomb is situated on a terrace 65 m square and 4 m high. Flights of steps lead to the mausoleum proper, which is 22 m square on the outside and 11 m square on the inside. There are entrances on the southern and eastern sides. The tomb itself is situated in a vault below the terrace and inscriptions in Persian and the Naskh scripts decorateit. Another grand mausoleum is that of the sixth Sultan, Mohanunad Qutub Shah. The facade of this tomb was once decorated with enameled tiles. There are six graves altogether in this tomb and inscriptions in Tulth and Naskh. The mausoleum was built in 1626. Sultan Abdullah’s tomb is the last of the royal tombs, as Abdul Hasaii (Taiia Sliah), the last king, was a prisoner in the Ciiini Mahal in the fortress of Daulatabad, near Aurangabad, when he died. While the tombs of those who ruled dominate the area, interspersed are many other monuments too. The tomb of Fatima Sultan, with its bulbous dome, is near the entrance to the tomb-garden. She was the sister of Mohammad Qutub Shah. Her tomb houses several graves, two of them with inscriptions. Immediately to the south of Muhammed Quli's tomb are three uninscribed tombs. The twin-tombs of the two favourite hakims (physicians) of Sultan Abdullah-Nizamuddin Ahamad Gilani and Abdul Jabbar Gilani - were built in 1651. They are among the few Qutub Shahi tombs that are not of Royalty. Another pair of tombs are those of Premamati and Taramati - the favourites of Sultan Abdullah Shah. These lively beauties, who are believed to have danced on ropes tied between their pavilion and Abdullah's palace, were laid to rest beside the tomb of their patron. One other tomb that is not that of a Qutub Shahi family member is the tomb of Neknam Khan, who was the commander-in-chief of the Carnatic and served in Abdullah's army. The tomb of Fadma Khanum, one of Sultan Abdullah's daughters, stands near the mausoleum of her husband, Mir Ahamad and is the only Qutub Shahi tomb not surmounted by a dome. To the west of the tombs lies the Dargah of Husain Shah Wali, the revered Sufi Saint; He is affectionately remembered by people of all faiths as the builder of Hussain Sagar. Among other monuments in the garden, that are not tombs, are the Mortuary Bath and the Mosque of Hayat Bakshi Begum. The Mortuary Bath, which stands opposite the tomb of Muhammad Quli, was built by Sultan Quli to facilitate the ritual washing of the bodies of the dead kings and others of the Royal Family before they were carried to their final resting place. A large number of people, fond subjects, friends and relatives attended it. The bath itself is one of the finest existing specimens of ancient Persian or Turkish baths. The Qutub Shahis built a number of mosques all over Golconda and Hyderabad, and almost every tomb has a mosque adjacent. The biggest and the grandest such mosque is by the mausoleum of Hayat Bakshi Begum. Popularly known as the great mosque of the Golconda tombs, it was built in 1666 A.D. Fifteen cupolas decorate the roof and two lofty minarets flank the prayer-hall. The impression, as a whole, is one of majesty and splendour. The inscriptions in the mosque are masterpieces of calligraphic art. Hayath Bakshi Begum was the daughter of Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah. Affectionately known as 'Ma Saheba' (Revered Mother), she was guide and mentor to all three kings. Several monuments survive in her memory in and around Hyderabad. The tomb-garden of the Kings of Golconda was known as Lagar-e-Faiz Athar (a place for bountiful entertainment) in the days of the Qutub Shahi kings, for some item or song or dance or even an occasional play was staged here every evening, free of cost, to entertain the poor. The present caretaker of the tombs is a descendant of the one appointed by Sir Salar Jung. It is a hereditary occupation. The tombs are open for the public on all days except on Fridays from 9.30 am to 4.30 pm. Every year Department of Tourism conducts "Deccan Festival" for five days by organising programmes of internationally renowned artists
Nehru Zoological Park
Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad was established in vide G.O.Ms. No.247,Dated 26 October 1959.It was declared open to the public on 6 Oct 1963.The park extends over 380 acres, and is a premier recreation spot in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.The Nehru Zoological Park is run by the Forest department, Government of Andhra Pradesh.
In consonance with the objective of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, this Zoo has been in the forefront in building modern enclosures for the display of animals and also in taking up the task of construction Safari complex within the Zoo and construction of Nocturnal Animals House and many more such programs. Over a time the Zoo personnel have achieved expertise in animal handling, management, breeding of endangered animals capturing of wild animals, treatment of injured animals both in Zoo and in the wild, etc.The Zoo Plays a role model for the other upcoming zoos. Zoo gets grants from the Government Of Andhra Pradesh for Zoo's mainte
nances as the Zoo has non-tangible benefits on the society at large.
Main objects of establishing this zoo park are to
To take-up conservation and breeding of endangered animals and rehabilitate them with special attention on the endemic fauna of Deccan plateau.
Bring awareness in the public on Conservation of wildlife by conducting appropriate awareness and education programmes.
Research on wildlife for its conservation and management.
One of the related fields is to stimulate the scientific study of the animal behaviour and educating the people about peaceful co-existence of the wildlife and human life. In keeping with the objectives the Nehru Zoological Park, has bred some notable exotic and indigenous animals and birds, like the I
ndian Rhino, Asiatic Lion, Tiger, Panther, Gaur, Orangutan, Crocodile, Python etc., not to speak of number of Deer, Antelopes and Birds. Several animals bred in the Zoo were rehabilitated in various Deer Parks and Sanctuaries to restock the depleted natural population.
The Zoo's undulating landscape provides a natural setting to the Animals and Birds displayed in large enclosures simulating natural habitat The Miralam Tank covering nearly 600 acres with its unique multiple Arched Bund is 200 years old, attracts hundreds of migratory birds, providing yet another attraction for the Zoo. The A.P. Tourism Development Corporation has introduced a Ferry-boat and Speed-boat, which is attracting a lot of public for boat rides.
VISITATION
The number of visitors to the Zoo during the year is almost equal to that of last year. The Park with it’s lawns and greenery is well developed and maintained regularly . In the year 2005-2006, zoo was visited 13,93,390 visitors, compared to the year 2004-2005 figure of 15,12,398.
Zoo Park – Green lungs of the city
From the birds eye view, the Zoo premises appear like oasis amidst the desert of concrete. Gardens, Lawns, Groves with dense canopy were maintained and improved during the year under report. Much of the area is having good tree canopy and thus, the Zoo park acts as Green lungs of the Hyderabad old city. The aesthetic aspect was taken into consideration and this is met by keeping the lawns well maintained particularly during summer season by providing surface irrigation and sprinklers. "Healthy Animals in Healthy Surroundings" has been the Motto of the Zoo. Hence in the enclosures large scale planting has been taken up with indigenous plant materials to simulate natural condition, thus enriching the environment of the animals displayed.
Zoo Education
Most to conservation, wildlife education is the prime objectives of the Zoo Park. An enlightened public would help in better wildlife measures either ex-situ or in-situ . The following forms of zoo education are provided in the Zoo.
* Display of animals in natural setting and simulating natural habitat.
* Providing effective interpretation signages near every enclosure.
* Trained guides are engaged for conducting Zoo visit to School groups.
* Organising special education program on Snakes and their conservation with the help of local NGO called “Friends of Snakes’ Society” Hyderabad
School Children in Animal Adoption Scheme
Leading the Way, again the Bharatiya Vdya Bhavan, Jubliee hills, Hyderabad School Children have adopted a male Lion Tailed Macaque by name Shashi by depositing an amount of Rs. 20,000/-. Three cheers to those school children, who have become exemplary by participating in this unique wildlife conservation program.
In consonance with the objective of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, this Zoo has been in the forefront in building modern enclosures for the display of animals and also in taking up the task of construction Safari complex within the Zoo and construction of Nocturnal Animals House and many more such programs. Over a time the Zoo personnel have achieved expertise in animal handling, management, breeding of endangered animals capturing of wild animals, treatment of injured animals both in Zoo and in the wild, etc.The Zoo Plays a role model for the other upcoming zoos. Zoo gets grants from the Government Of Andhra Pradesh for Zoo's mainte
nances as the Zoo has non-tangible benefits on the society at large.Main objects of establishing this zoo park are to
To take-up conservation and breeding of endangered animals and rehabilitate them with special attention on the endemic fauna of Deccan plateau.
Bring awareness in the public on Conservation of wildlife by conducting appropriate awareness and education programmes.
Research on wildlife for its conservation and management.
One of the related fields is to stimulate the scientific study of the animal behaviour and educating the people about peaceful co-existence of the wildlife and human life. In keeping with the objectives the Nehru Zoological Park, has bred some notable exotic and indigenous animals and birds, like the I
ndian Rhino, Asiatic Lion, Tiger, Panther, Gaur, Orangutan, Crocodile, Python etc., not to speak of number of Deer, Antelopes and Birds. Several animals bred in the Zoo were rehabilitated in various Deer Parks and Sanctuaries to restock the depleted natural population.The Zoo's undulating landscape provides a natural setting to the Animals and Birds displayed in large enclosures simulating natural habitat The Miralam Tank covering nearly 600 acres with its unique multiple Arched Bund is 200 years old, attracts hundreds of migratory birds, providing yet another attraction for the Zoo. The A.P. Tourism Development Corporation has introduced a Ferry-boat and Speed-boat, which is attracting a lot of public for boat rides.
VISITATION
The number of visitors to the Zoo during the year is almost equal to that of last year. The Park with it’s lawns and greenery is well developed and maintained regularly . In the year 2005-2006, zoo was visited 13,93,390 visitors, compared to the year 2004-2005 figure of 15,12,398.
Zoo Park – Green lungs of the city
From the birds eye view, the Zoo premises appear like oasis amidst the desert of concrete. Gardens, Lawns, Groves with dense canopy were maintained and improved during the year under report. Much of the area is having good tree canopy and thus, the Zoo park acts as Green lungs of the Hyderabad old city. The aesthetic aspect was taken into consideration and this is met by keeping the lawns well maintained particularly during summer season by providing surface irrigation and sprinklers. "Healthy Animals in Healthy Surroundings" has been the Motto of the Zoo. Hence in the enclosures large scale planting has been taken up with indigenous plant materials to simulate natural condition, thus enriching the environment of the animals displayed.
Zoo Education
Most to conservation, wildlife education is the prime objectives of the Zoo Park. An enlightened public would help in better wildlife measures either ex-situ or in-situ . The following forms of zoo education are provided in the Zoo.
* Display of animals in natural setting and simulating natural habitat.
* Providing effective interpretation signages near every enclosure.
* Trained guides are engaged for conducting Zoo visit to School groups.
* Organising special education program on Snakes and their conservation with the help of local NGO called “Friends of Snakes’ Society” Hyderabad
School Children in Animal Adoption Scheme
Leading the Way, again the Bharatiya Vdya Bhavan, Jubliee hills, Hyderabad School Children have adopted a male Lion Tailed Macaque by name Shashi by depositing an amount of Rs. 20,000/-. Three cheers to those school children, who have become exemplary by participating in this unique wildlife conservation program.
Hi-Tech City
Welcome to High-Tech City - a breathtaking venture, part of the Ex. Chief Minister Chandra Babu Naidu's revolutionary Vision 2020 program. Hi-tech stands for Hyderabad Information Technology Engineering Consultancy City.Being constructed under a joint venture between L&T and the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (API
IC) with 89 percent and 11 percent stake respectively, the 1,500 crore project is spread over 158 acres. The first foundation stone was laid on April 28th 1997.
Of this circular ten storied state-of-the-art building, part of the first phase has been sold to some choice players from India and abroad. High-Tech City is totally self-contained, providing an IT business with built-in facilities for operations on par with the best in the world. High speed connectivity is assured by a 622 mbps optic fibre intranet, further backed by a redundant earth station and satellite channels. The city has it's own power plant and is backed up by a diesel generating station. It also has the facility to tap into the regional power plant. In addition, a four-lane super highway is being constructed to ensure smooth flow of traffic to the City.
In the realm of infrastructure, the Hi-Tech City maintains an international standard, with emphasis being placed on power, telecommunications, water, and sewage treatment plant. All available under one roof in the Hi-Tech City.Additionally, the entire city follows the glare-free lighting standards as per ISI standards, concealed copper wiring for piped music and paging systems in the common areas. The earth station facility is to be provided from either the VSNL or STP.
Hi-Tech City's target profile includes companies which are in technology and software development. Big names like Satyam, Wipro, Intergraph, VJ Infosys have signed agreements to be a part of this city. The decision of Microsoft Corp to set up a software development centre the first out of the USA has put the industry in euphoria. It will focus on work related to the inter-operability of Windows NT and Back Office products in combination with non-Microsoft platforms. The second largest software company in the world, Oracle will be starting its new Oracle Applications Development centre (OADC) and has decided to make an initial investment of over $ 10 million in Hyderabad. In the first three months they will employ 250 software professionals and will focus their development activities on various global vertical industries in addition to a new suite of Front Office Applications.
IC) with 89 percent and 11 percent stake respectively, the 1,500 crore project is spread over 158 acres. The first foundation stone was laid on April 28th 1997.Of this circular ten storied state-of-the-art building, part of the first phase has been sold to some choice players from India and abroad. High-Tech City is totally self-contained, providing an IT business with built-in facilities for operations on par with the best in the world. High speed connectivity is assured by a 622 mbps optic fibre intranet, further backed by a redundant earth station and satellite channels. The city has it's own power plant and is backed up by a diesel generating station. It also has the facility to tap into the regional power plant. In addition, a four-lane super highway is being constructed to ensure smooth flow of traffic to the City.
In the realm of infrastructure, the Hi-Tech City maintains an international standard, with emphasis being placed on power, telecommunications, water, and sewage treatment plant. All available under one roof in the Hi-Tech City.Additionally, the entire city follows the glare-free lighting standards as per ISI standards, concealed copper wiring for piped music and paging systems in the common areas. The earth station facility is to be provided from either the VSNL or STP.
Hi-Tech City's target profile includes companies which are in technology and software development. Big names like Satyam, Wipro, Intergraph, VJ Infosys have signed agreements to be a part of this city. The decision of Microsoft Corp to set up a software development centre the first out of the USA has put the industry in euphoria. It will focus on work related to the inter-operability of Windows NT and Back Office products in combination with non-Microsoft platforms. The second largest software company in the world, Oracle will be starting its new Oracle Applications Development centre (OADC) and has decided to make an initial investment of over $ 10 million in Hyderabad. In the first three months they will employ 250 software professionals and will focus their development activities on various global vertical industries in addition to a new suite of Front Office Applications.
Golconda
Golconda fort is one of the most magnificent fortress complex in India which lies on the western outskirts around 11km from Hyderabad, the capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The history of Golconda Fort dates back to the early 13th century, when this south eastern part of the country was ruled by the Kakatiyas. The bulk of the ruins of this fort, date from the time of the Qutub Shahi kings, who had ruled this area in the 16th and 17th century. The fortress is built on a granite hill 120 metres high, surrounded by massive crenellated ramparts.
Shepherd's Hill or 'Golla Konda', as it was known in Telugu, has an interesting story behind it. In 1143, on the rocky hill called 'Mangalavaram', a shepherd boy came across an idol. This was conveyed to the Kakatiya king, who was ruling at that time. The king got a mud fort constructed around the holy spot and nearly 200 years later Bahamini rulers (1364) took possession of the fort. From 1507 over a period of 62 years the mud fort was expanded by the the first three Qutub Shahi kings into a massive fort of granite, extending around 5km in circumference, which has been a silent witness to many historic events. The illustrious rule of the Q
utub Shahis at Golconda ended in 1687, with the conquest of the fort by the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb, who almost completely destroyed the fort and left it in a heap of pathetic ruins.
Golconda consists of four distinct forts with a 10km long outer wall having 87 semi circular bastions; some still mounted with cannons, eight gateways, four drawbridges and number of royal apartments & halls, temples, mosques, magazines, stables etc, inside. The lowest of these is the outermost enclosure into which we enter by the 'Fateh Darwaza' (Victory gate, so called after Aurangzeb’s triumphant army marched in through this gate) studded with giant iron spikes ( to prevent elephants from battering them down) near the south-eastern corner. At Fateh Darwaza can be experienced the fantastic acoustical effects, characteristic of the engineering marvels at Golconda. A hand clap at a certain point below the dome at the entrance reverberates and can be heard clearly at the 'Bala Hisar' pavilion, the highest point almost a kilometre away. This acted as the warning note to residents in case of danger though now it is a mere amusing diversion to visitors.Of the great gateways, the Balahisar Darwaza is the most impressive. Mythical beasts and lions on stucco panels of the spandrels provide decoration on this defence portal. From the Balahisar Darwaza starts the uphill ascent of some 380 uneven stone steps.
The main structure of the fort is laid out in a sequence of enclosures that holds the public and administrative structures to the royal residences and halls. The mortuary baths lie to the right of the portico. The baths were meant for the deceased royalty and harem ladies who were given the ritualistic bath before burial outside the Banjara Gate. Nagina Bagh, now in complete ruins, lies within an enclosure.
The offices of Akanna and Madanna, two important Hindu officials in the Qutab Shahi court, are further up. The large iron weights, half buried in the ground, are curious relics of the past. Ruins of the Ambar Khana (granary 1642) and Bari Baoli (step well) are close to the upper terrace. One can also see a Hindu temple (Madanna's) belonging to the Kakatiya period carved out of a huge boulder. It has colorful murals of the Goddess Kali on the white-painted facade.
Another important structure is the mosque built by Taramati. As one clambers up and down the boulders through narrow patches and uneven steps we can see unusual clay pipes fitted into the wall planks – evidence of an efficient water supply arrangement to the uphill residential area.Prominent corner minarets distinguish the small mosque (1518) built by Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah. The courtyard extend up to the ramparts providing spectacular views of the landscape below, for miles. Close to the mosque lies the small Rama Mandir under the boulders. Ram Das, a revenue official jailed by Abul Hasan Tana Shah for misusing state funds, carved images of Rama, Lakshman and Hanuman on the rock surface in the cell.
The ascent of 380 steps finally culminates at the Balahisar Baradari, a wind-swept pavilion, twelve-arched, triple storeyed structure used as a durbar hall. It is divided by substantial piers into vaulted bays, a raised chamber with triple arches opens off the rear wall. On the uppermost terrace stands a stone throne. A pavilion, far away in the hills, is believed to have housed Taramati, Abul Hasan’s paramour. The Baradari shows yet another engineering marvel – natural air-conditioning provided by a gap in the double walls which sucks the air and releases it with accumulated pressure in the chambers.
Steep narrow steps descend to the zenana quarters – Rani Mahal. These palaces, built on massive platforms, had high ceilings and walls covered with decorative niches, alcoves and cornices, essentially Persian in design. The tall wooden columns, now lost, reveal the bare structure of the triple vaulted hall. Delicate arabesques in the roundels above th
e side arches constitute the elegant ornamentation on stucco. The Rani Mahal in its hey-days contained a world of luxury envied by the grand Mughals themselves.
There is also supposed to be secret underground tunnel leading from the 'Durbar Hall' to one of the palaces at the foot of the hill. The tombs of the Qutub Shahi kings, built with Islamic architecture lie about 1 km north of the outer wall of Golconda. These graceful structures are surrounded by landscaped gardens, some of which having beautifully carved stonework. Outside the Fort are two separate pavilions built on a rocky eminence - the 'Taramathi Gana Mandir' and the 'Premathi Nritya Mandir' where the legendary sisters 'Taramathi' and 'Premamathi' resided. They gave their performance on a circular dais atop a two-storied structure, the 'Kala Mandir', which was visible from the king's durbar (king's court) on top of the Golconda Fort. The fortress city within the walls was famous for its diamond trade and the famed Koh-i-noor diamond is said to have come from here
The Sound and Light Show
A new attraction at the fort is a sound and light show that brings the legend of Golconda to life. With a spectacular interplay of audio and visual effects, the story of Golconda unfolds over centuries of splendour. The show livens up the glorious past and it is an experience worth watching. The show is presented in English, Hindi and Telugu.
Show Timings:
Winter (November - February) 6:30pm, Summer (March - October) 7:00pm
Duration: 55 minutes
In English: Wednesday, Sunday
In Hindi: Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday
In Telugu: Thursday
Closed on: Mondays
How to get there
Air: Hyderabad can be reached by air, from all the major cities of the country.
Rail: Hyderabad is well connected by rail to all parts of the country.
Road: There is a regular bus service to Hyderabad from many cities in southern, central and southeastern parts of the country.City Transport: Golconda Fort is around 11-km from Hyderabad. Auto rickshaws and Taxis are available apart from luxury/semi-luxury buses, for local transportation.
Shepherd's Hill or 'Golla Konda', as it was known in Telugu, has an interesting story behind it. In 1143, on the rocky hill called 'Mangalavaram', a shepherd boy came across an idol. This was conveyed to the Kakatiya king, who was ruling at that time. The king got a mud fort constructed around the holy spot and nearly 200 years later Bahamini rulers (1364) took possession of the fort. From 1507 over a period of 62 years the mud fort was expanded by the the first three Qutub Shahi kings into a massive fort of granite, extending around 5km in circumference, which has been a silent witness to many historic events. The illustrious rule of the Q
utub Shahis at Golconda ended in 1687, with the conquest of the fort by the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb, who almost completely destroyed the fort and left it in a heap of pathetic ruins.Golconda consists of four distinct forts with a 10km long outer wall having 87 semi circular bastions; some still mounted with cannons, eight gateways, four drawbridges and number of royal apartments & halls, temples, mosques, magazines, stables etc, inside. The lowest of these is the outermost enclosure into which we enter by the 'Fateh Darwaza' (Victory gate, so called after Aurangzeb’s triumphant army marched in through this gate) studded with giant iron spikes ( to prevent elephants from battering them down) near the south-eastern corner. At Fateh Darwaza can be experienced the fantastic acoustical effects, characteristic of the engineering marvels at Golconda. A hand clap at a certain point below the dome at the entrance reverberates and can be heard clearly at the 'Bala Hisar' pavilion, the highest point almost a kilometre away. This acted as the warning note to residents in case of danger though now it is a mere amusing diversion to visitors.Of the great gateways, the Balahisar Darwaza is the most impressive. Mythical beasts and lions on stucco panels of the spandrels provide decoration on this defence portal. From the Balahisar Darwaza starts the uphill ascent of some 380 uneven stone steps.
The main structure of the fort is laid out in a sequence of enclosures that holds the public and administrative structures to the royal residences and halls. The mortuary baths lie to the right of the portico. The baths were meant for the deceased royalty and harem ladies who were given the ritualistic bath before burial outside the Banjara Gate. Nagina Bagh, now in complete ruins, lies within an enclosure.The offices of Akanna and Madanna, two important Hindu officials in the Qutab Shahi court, are further up. The large iron weights, half buried in the ground, are curious relics of the past. Ruins of the Ambar Khana (granary 1642) and Bari Baoli (step well) are close to the upper terrace. One can also see a Hindu temple (Madanna's) belonging to the Kakatiya period carved out of a huge boulder. It has colorful murals of the Goddess Kali on the white-painted facade.
Another important structure is the mosque built by Taramati. As one clambers up and down the boulders through narrow patches and uneven steps we can see unusual clay pipes fitted into the wall planks – evidence of an efficient water supply arrangement to the uphill residential area.Prominent corner minarets distinguish the small mosque (1518) built by Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah. The courtyard extend up to the ramparts providing spectacular views of the landscape below, for miles. Close to the mosque lies the small Rama Mandir under the boulders. Ram Das, a revenue official jailed by Abul Hasan Tana Shah for misusing state funds, carved images of Rama, Lakshman and Hanuman on the rock surface in the cell.
The ascent of 380 steps finally culminates at the Balahisar Baradari, a wind-swept pavilion, twelve-arched, triple storeyed structure used as a durbar hall. It is divided by substantial piers into vaulted bays, a raised chamber with triple arches opens off the rear wall. On the uppermost terrace stands a stone throne. A pavilion, far away in the hills, is believed to have housed Taramati, Abul Hasan’s paramour. The Baradari shows yet another engineering marvel – natural air-conditioning provided by a gap in the double walls which sucks the air and releases it with accumulated pressure in the chambers.
Steep narrow steps descend to the zenana quarters – Rani Mahal. These palaces, built on massive platforms, had high ceilings and walls covered with decorative niches, alcoves and cornices, essentially Persian in design. The tall wooden columns, now lost, reveal the bare structure of the triple vaulted hall. Delicate arabesques in the roundels above th
e side arches constitute the elegant ornamentation on stucco. The Rani Mahal in its hey-days contained a world of luxury envied by the grand Mughals themselves.There is also supposed to be secret underground tunnel leading from the 'Durbar Hall' to one of the palaces at the foot of the hill. The tombs of the Qutub Shahi kings, built with Islamic architecture lie about 1 km north of the outer wall of Golconda. These graceful structures are surrounded by landscaped gardens, some of which having beautifully carved stonework. Outside the Fort are two separate pavilions built on a rocky eminence - the 'Taramathi Gana Mandir' and the 'Premathi Nritya Mandir' where the legendary sisters 'Taramathi' and 'Premamathi' resided. They gave their performance on a circular dais atop a two-storied structure, the 'Kala Mandir', which was visible from the king's durbar (king's court) on top of the Golconda Fort. The fortress city within the walls was famous for its diamond trade and the famed Koh-i-noor diamond is said to have come from here
The Sound and Light Show
A new attraction at the fort is a sound and light show that brings the legend of Golconda to life. With a spectacular interplay of audio and visual effects, the story of Golconda unfolds over centuries of splendour. The show livens up the glorious past and it is an experience worth watching. The show is presented in English, Hindi and Telugu.
Show Timings:
Winter (November - February) 6:30pm, Summer (March - October) 7:00pm
Duration: 55 minutes
In English: Wednesday, Sunday
In Hindi: Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday
In Telugu: Thursday
Closed on: Mondays
How to get there
Air: Hyderabad can be reached by air, from all the major cities of the country.
Rail: Hyderabad is well connected by rail to all parts of the country.
Road: There is a regular bus service to Hyderabad from many cities in southern, central and southeastern parts of the country.City Transport: Golconda Fort is around 11-km from Hyderabad. Auto rickshaws and Taxis are available apart from luxury/semi-luxury buses, for local transportation.
Charminar
Charminar is always on the top of the mind of any tourist visiting Hyderabad. To say that Charminar is a major landmark in the city is to state the obvious, to repeat a cliché. The great monument is a synonym for Hyderabad and the pivot around which the glory and history of the city have developed. To imagine this 400-year-old city without Charminar is to imagine New York without the Statue of Liberty or Moscow without the Kremlin. Built by Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah in 1591, shortly after he had shifted his capital from Golkonda to what
now is known as Hyderabad, this beautiful colossus in granite, lime, mortar and, some say, pulverised marble, was at one time the heart of the city. This great tribute to aesthetics looks sturdy and solid from a distance but as one moves closer, it emerges as an elegant and romantic edifice proclaiming its architectural eminence in all its detail and dignity. Apart from being the core of the city’s cultural milieu, it has become a brand name.
charminar Built to a height of 56.7meters (186 feet) and on a square base of 31.5 meters (100 feet), the Charminar is said to be a prototype of Tazia, a representation of the tomb of Imam Husain. It is also said that during the Mughal Governorship between the Qutb Shahi and the Asaf Jahi rule, lightning destroyed the South Western minaret which 'fell to pieces', but it was forthwith repaired at a cost of Rs 60,000! The whole structure was plastered in 1824 at a cost of Rs 100,000. Isn't it amusing? Ah, but then the rupee isn't what it used to be...
Charminar is a squarish structure with four towers in the four corners of the square, each of whose sides is 20 metres in length. Every side opens into a plaza through giant arches, which overlook four major thoroughfares and dwarf other features of the building except the minarets. Each arch is 11 metres wide and rises 20 metres to the pinnacle from the plinth. The minarets soar skywards by 24 metres from
the roof of Charminar. Each minaret has four storeys, each looking like a delicately carved ring around the minaret. Some Anglophiles call Charminar the Arc de Triomphe of the East. From the ground to the apex, the minarets cover a length of 48.7 metres.
According to Mir Moazzam Husain, a long time official of the UNESCO and a keen student of this historic city, “these minarets may even symbolise the first four khalifs of Islam, but I cannot vouch for this interpretation with any degree of certainty.” At the western end of the roof of Charminar is a beautiful mosque; the oldest in Hyderabad, and the rest of the roof was used as a court in Qutub Shahi times. Atop the great monument are 45 prayer spaces for the devout where they can offer worship in an atmosphere unspoilt by the bustle of the city. East of this space is a spacious verandah with small and large arches in the middle. The first floor has beautiful balconies from where one has a fantastic view of the historic city and its later accretions. Earlier you could have climbed up the stairs and watched the locale from a height of about 54 meters, but some unfortunate incidents have led to the stairs being sealed.
These are technical details, of interest only to scholars and scribes. For the tourist, Charminar disgorges unlimited architectural wealth exuding from every pore of its masonry surface. The minarets taper off with a bulbous dome, embellished by petal-like motifs, and crowned by a brass spire. Though Charminar has a number of features answering to Hindu architectural usage, the minarets themselves are exclusively an Islamic architectural tradition. Unlike Taj Mahal, the fluted minarets of Charminar are built into the main structure. Inside the four-storeyed minarets are spiral stairways of 149 steps leading you to the top, the highest point one can reach, and providing a panoramic view of the sprawling and amorphous city. Each minaret has four arcaded balconies helping the tourist to imbibe the beauty of the city at various levels.
The essence of Islamic architecture rests in the deployment of arches, minarets and domes in a harmonic whole. This is very much true of Charminar, where apart from the main arches on the four sides; above each arch are horizontal arrays of arches. Not only the four balconies of each minaret have arches but also between the fourth balcony and the crowning dome, you can see arches playing merry-go-round. Even as the arches and minarets of Charminar reflect the influence of Islamic architectural schools, the structure as a whole embodies elements of South Indian temple architecture. Again, flanking each arch are four arched and trellised windows one above the other. The four main arches have thus 32 such windows.
But Charminar actually is a galaxy of prominent landmarks in the city’s history. Its neighbourhood is as interesting a site of cultural heritage as Charminar itself. Around this architectural axis are colourful bazaars, bringing to mind the bazaars of ancient Baghdad and Istanbul, selling pearls, bangles, traditional Muslim gear and Mughlai delicacies. Architecturally significant are the Mecca masjid, Jamay masjid, Char Kamaan, and Miya Mishk mosque. The Nizams too had built a complex of palaces close to Charminar and beyond Lad Bazaar. Among them, more well-known are the Chow Mohalla palace (1750), Khilwat Mahal, the Malwala Palace (1845), the Salarjungs’ Dewan Devdi and Purani Haveli (1803).
The Chow Mahalla palace was built by the first Nizam, Salabat Jah, in 1750 and is presumed to be a more refined version of the Shah of Iran’s palace in Teheran. This is now a heritage building, flood-lit in the night. “The main quadrangle (of the palace) has a beautiful garden surrounding a large marble cistern, the fountains and the splashing waters of which in moonlit nights have been compared by a visitor with one of the enchanting gardens described in the Arabian nights. To the north of the cistern is the grand Durbar Hall, where the Nizams used to hold state receptions and receive official nobles.”
Chow Mohalla was built in several phases in the rule of different Nizams. The pavilion where the rulers held court was known as Khilwat, built in the regime of the second Nizam. Some consider its style extremely baroque. The complex includes Jilu Khana facing Lad bazaar and Daulat Khana-e-Ali, both built by the first Nizam. The four palaces comprising the Chow Mohalla complex are Afzal Mahal, Mahtab Mahal, Tahriyat Mahal and Aftab Mahal. Afzal Mahal is the most imposing of them all.
Sandwiched between the Chatta bazaar and Dabirpura main road is Purani Haveli, the home of the first peshwa of Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah. This complex is in the shape of a horseshoe with a single storeyed building in European style separating two oblong wings of double-storeyed buildings tapering off into single storeyed structures with deep arched verandahs. Purani Haveli architecture combines European facades with Indian courtyards. The Haveli today houses a college for vocational training and religious education. Of the 11 buildings in the complex, only the Baradari is open to public.
From the Charminar, it is impossible to miss the Char Kamaan built three years after the grand old edifice was built. The four arches of Char Kamaan envelop a vast plaza with a tank with an octagonal enclosure. This is now known as Gulzar Hauz, flanked by shops, which, in the times of the Qutub Shahis, were antechambers to their palaces. The Mughals destroyed them in 1687.
Jamay masjid to the northeast of Charminar has the distinction of being the first mosque built in Hyderabad. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah built it in 1598. The third Nizam, Sikander Jah, renovated it later, respecting the Qutub Shahi architectural norms combining the Indo-Persian and South Indian styles. Not far off from Charminar is the Lad bazaar, a shopping centre specialising in bridal ware, and bangles of great beauty and dazzle. This is now known as Choodi bazaar (Bangles Bazaar).
Some recent buildings, whose architectural trends were inspired by Charminar and Golkonda, and built during the last of the Asaf Jahs’ times, are the Unani hospital, the High Court, and across the Musi the Osmania general hospital. All of them flaunt features of Indo-Islamic architectural styles. Charminar is very much a part of the vibrant life of everyone in the city and its cultural life.
now is known as Hyderabad, this beautiful colossus in granite, lime, mortar and, some say, pulverised marble, was at one time the heart of the city. This great tribute to aesthetics looks sturdy and solid from a distance but as one moves closer, it emerges as an elegant and romantic edifice proclaiming its architectural eminence in all its detail and dignity. Apart from being the core of the city’s cultural milieu, it has become a brand name.charminar Built to a height of 56.7meters (186 feet) and on a square base of 31.5 meters (100 feet), the Charminar is said to be a prototype of Tazia, a representation of the tomb of Imam Husain. It is also said that during the Mughal Governorship between the Qutb Shahi and the Asaf Jahi rule, lightning destroyed the South Western minaret which 'fell to pieces', but it was forthwith repaired at a cost of Rs 60,000! The whole structure was plastered in 1824 at a cost of Rs 100,000. Isn't it amusing? Ah, but then the rupee isn't what it used to be...
Charminar is a squarish structure with four towers in the four corners of the square, each of whose sides is 20 metres in length. Every side opens into a plaza through giant arches, which overlook four major thoroughfares and dwarf other features of the building except the minarets. Each arch is 11 metres wide and rises 20 metres to the pinnacle from the plinth. The minarets soar skywards by 24 metres from
the roof of Charminar. Each minaret has four storeys, each looking like a delicately carved ring around the minaret. Some Anglophiles call Charminar the Arc de Triomphe of the East. From the ground to the apex, the minarets cover a length of 48.7 metres.According to Mir Moazzam Husain, a long time official of the UNESCO and a keen student of this historic city, “these minarets may even symbolise the first four khalifs of Islam, but I cannot vouch for this interpretation with any degree of certainty.” At the western end of the roof of Charminar is a beautiful mosque; the oldest in Hyderabad, and the rest of the roof was used as a court in Qutub Shahi times. Atop the great monument are 45 prayer spaces for the devout where they can offer worship in an atmosphere unspoilt by the bustle of the city. East of this space is a spacious verandah with small and large arches in the middle. The first floor has beautiful balconies from where one has a fantastic view of the historic city and its later accretions. Earlier you could have climbed up the stairs and watched the locale from a height of about 54 meters, but some unfortunate incidents have led to the stairs being sealed.
These are technical details, of interest only to scholars and scribes. For the tourist, Charminar disgorges unlimited architectural wealth exuding from every pore of its masonry surface. The minarets taper off with a bulbous dome, embellished by petal-like motifs, and crowned by a brass spire. Though Charminar has a number of features answering to Hindu architectural usage, the minarets themselves are exclusively an Islamic architectural tradition. Unlike Taj Mahal, the fluted minarets of Charminar are built into the main structure. Inside the four-storeyed minarets are spiral stairways of 149 steps leading you to the top, the highest point one can reach, and providing a panoramic view of the sprawling and amorphous city. Each minaret has four arcaded balconies helping the tourist to imbibe the beauty of the city at various levels.
The essence of Islamic architecture rests in the deployment of arches, minarets and domes in a harmonic whole. This is very much true of Charminar, where apart from the main arches on the four sides; above each arch are horizontal arrays of arches. Not only the four balconies of each minaret have arches but also between the fourth balcony and the crowning dome, you can see arches playing merry-go-round. Even as the arches and minarets of Charminar reflect the influence of Islamic architectural schools, the structure as a whole embodies elements of South Indian temple architecture. Again, flanking each arch are four arched and trellised windows one above the other. The four main arches have thus 32 such windows.
But Charminar actually is a galaxy of prominent landmarks in the city’s history. Its neighbourhood is as interesting a site of cultural heritage as Charminar itself. Around this architectural axis are colourful bazaars, bringing to mind the bazaars of ancient Baghdad and Istanbul, selling pearls, bangles, traditional Muslim gear and Mughlai delicacies. Architecturally significant are the Mecca masjid, Jamay masjid, Char Kamaan, and Miya Mishk mosque. The Nizams too had built a complex of palaces close to Charminar and beyond Lad Bazaar. Among them, more well-known are the Chow Mohalla palace (1750), Khilwat Mahal, the Malwala Palace (1845), the Salarjungs’ Dewan Devdi and Purani Haveli (1803).
The Chow Mahalla palace was built by the first Nizam, Salabat Jah, in 1750 and is presumed to be a more refined version of the Shah of Iran’s palace in Teheran. This is now a heritage building, flood-lit in the night. “The main quadrangle (of the palace) has a beautiful garden surrounding a large marble cistern, the fountains and the splashing waters of which in moonlit nights have been compared by a visitor with one of the enchanting gardens described in the Arabian nights. To the north of the cistern is the grand Durbar Hall, where the Nizams used to hold state receptions and receive official nobles.”
Chow Mohalla was built in several phases in the rule of different Nizams. The pavilion where the rulers held court was known as Khilwat, built in the regime of the second Nizam. Some consider its style extremely baroque. The complex includes Jilu Khana facing Lad bazaar and Daulat Khana-e-Ali, both built by the first Nizam. The four palaces comprising the Chow Mohalla complex are Afzal Mahal, Mahtab Mahal, Tahriyat Mahal and Aftab Mahal. Afzal Mahal is the most imposing of them all.
Sandwiched between the Chatta bazaar and Dabirpura main road is Purani Haveli, the home of the first peshwa of Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah. This complex is in the shape of a horseshoe with a single storeyed building in European style separating two oblong wings of double-storeyed buildings tapering off into single storeyed structures with deep arched verandahs. Purani Haveli architecture combines European facades with Indian courtyards. The Haveli today houses a college for vocational training and religious education. Of the 11 buildings in the complex, only the Baradari is open to public.
From the Charminar, it is impossible to miss the Char Kamaan built three years after the grand old edifice was built. The four arches of Char Kamaan envelop a vast plaza with a tank with an octagonal enclosure. This is now known as Gulzar Hauz, flanked by shops, which, in the times of the Qutub Shahis, were antechambers to their palaces. The Mughals destroyed them in 1687.
Jamay masjid to the northeast of Charminar has the distinction of being the first mosque built in Hyderabad. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah built it in 1598. The third Nizam, Sikander Jah, renovated it later, respecting the Qutub Shahi architectural norms combining the Indo-Persian and South Indian styles. Not far off from Charminar is the Lad bazaar, a shopping centre specialising in bridal ware, and bangles of great beauty and dazzle. This is now known as Choodi bazaar (Bangles Bazaar).
Some recent buildings, whose architectural trends were inspired by Charminar and Golkonda, and built during the last of the Asaf Jahs’ times, are the Unani hospital, the High Court, and across the Musi the Osmania general hospital. All of them flaunt features of Indo-Islamic architectural styles. Charminar is very much a part of the vibrant life of everyone in the city and its cultural life.
HYDERABAD
Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh, is a 400 year old metropolis, that represents a perfect blend of old world charm and modern day charisma. The city was founded in the late 16th century by the Qutub Shahi Dynasty. The city of Hyderabad is known for its minarets and its pearl bazzar.
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